Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves placing a healthy kidney from a donor into a person whose kidneys are no longer functioning properly. It is typically performed on patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) and is often preferred over long-term dialysis as it can improve quality of life and survival rates.

The process includes several steps: evaluation of the patient, finding a suitable donor (either living or deceased), the surgical procedure itself, and long-term post-transplant care. Risks include rejection of the new kidney and complications from surgery, but the benefits often outweigh these risks for eligible patients